November 28

November 28 is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 33 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

1095 - On the last day of the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II appoints Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy and Count Raymond IV of Toulouse to lead the First Crusade to the Holy Land. 1443 - Skanderbeg and his forces liberate Kruja in Middle Albania and raise the Albanian flag. 1520 - After navigating through the South American strait, three ships under the command of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan reach the Pacific Ocean, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. 1582 - In Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway pay a £40 bond for their marriage license. 1660 - At Gresham College, 12 men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society. 1729 - Natchez Indians massacre 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at Fort Rosalie, near the site of modern-day Natchez, Mississippi. 1785 - The Treaty of Hopewell is signed. 1814 - The Times in London is for the first time printed by automatic, steam powered presses built by the German inventors Friedrich Koenig and Andreas Friedrich Bauer, signaling the beginning of the availability of newspapers to a mass audience. 1821 - Panama Independence Day: Panama separates from Spain and joins the Great Colombia. 1843 - Ka Lahui: Hawaiian Independence Day - The Kingdom of Hawaii is officially recognized by the United Kingdom and France as an independent nation. 1862 - American Civil War: In the Battle of Cane Hill, Union troops under General John Blunt defeat General John Marmaduke's Confederates. 1893 - Women vote in a national election for the first time: the New Zealand general election. 1895 - The first American automobile race takes place over the 54 miles from Chicago's Jackson Park to Evanston, Illinois. Frank Duryea wins in approximately 10 hours. 1905 - Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin as a political party with the main aim of establishing a dual monarchy in Ireland. 1907 - In Haverhill, Massachusetts, scrap-metal dealer Louis B. Mayer opens his first movie theater. 1912 - Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire. 1914 - World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading. 1918 - Bucovina voted for the union with the Kingdom of Romania. 1919 - Lady Astor is elected as a Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. She is the first woman to sit as a British MP, although not the first to be elected - that was Countess Markiewicz. 1920 - Kilmichael Ambush, Battle of the Irish War of Independence. 1925 - The country variety show Grand Ole Opry makes its radio debut on station WSM. 1929 - Ernie Nevers of the then Chicago Cardinals scores all the points in this game as the Cardinals defeat the Chicago Bears 40-6. 1942 - In Boston, Massachusetts, a fire in the Cocoanut Grove nightclub kills 491 people. 1942 - Roll out of the first B-24 Liberator made in Ford's Willow Run plant. 1943 - World War II: Tehran Conference - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin meet in Tehran, Iran to discuss war strategy. 1944 - Albania is liberated by the Albanian partisans. 1958 - Chad, the Republic of the Congo, and Gabon become autonomous republics within the French Community. 1960 - Mauritania becomes independent of France. 1964 - Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 4 probe toward Mars. 1964 - Vietnam War: National Security Council members agree to recommend that U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson adopt a plan for a two-stage escalation of bombing in North Vietnam. 1965 - Vietnam War: In response to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson's call for "more flags" in Vietnam, Philippines President Elect Ferdinand Marcos announces he will send troops to help fight in South Vietnam. 1974 - John Lennon performs on stage at Madison Square Garden in New York City with Elton John, as a result of losing a wager that his song "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night" (which Elton also played and sang on) would hit #1 on the pop chart (on November 11). This would also be Lennon's final concert appearance. 1975 - East Timor declares its independence from Portugal. 1975 - As the World Turns and The Edge of Night, the final two American soap operas that had resisted going to pre-taped broadcasts, air their last live episodes. 1979 - The Mount Erebus disaster: An Air New Zealand DC-10 crashes into Mount Erebus on a sightseeing trip, killing all 257 people on board. 1982 - Representatives from 88 countries gather in Geneva to discuss world trade and ways to work toward aspects of free trade. 1984 - Over 250 years after their deaths, William Penn and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn are made Honorary Citizens of the United States. 1987 - South African Airways flight 295 crashes into the Indian Ocean, killing all 159 people on-board. 1989 - Cold War: Velvet Revolution - In the face of protests, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia announces they will give up their monopoly on political power. 1990 - Margaret Thatcher formally tenders her resignation to H.M. Queen Elizabeth II and leaves Downing Street for the last time. John Major is elected her successor. 1990 - Lee Kuan Yew steps down as the Prime Minister of Singapore, with Goh Chok Tong succeeding him. 1994 - Voters in Norway reject European Union membership (see Norwegian EU referendum, 1994). 1994 - In Portage, Wisconsin, convicted serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer is clubbed to death by an inmate in the Columbia Correctional Institution gymnasium. 1997 - First public appearance of Kosova Liberation Army(UÇK), an ethnic Albanian guerrilla group fighting for freedom of Kosovo. 1998 - The people of Albania vote for their new Constitution in a referendum. 2000 - Ukrainian politician Oleksander Moroz begins the Cassette Scandal by publicly accusing President Leonid Kuchma of involvement in the murder of journalist Georgiy Gongadze. 2004 - Male Poʻo-uli dies of avian malaria in the Maui Bird Conservation Center in Olinda, Hawaii before it could breed, making the species in all probability extinct. 2005 - The Official Opposition (Conservative Party of Canada, New Democratic Party, and Bloc Québécois) bring down the 38th Minority Liberal Government of Canada in a vote of non-confidence forcing immediate campaigning for the 39th Federal Election.